Comments by "bobby hans" (@user-oc7ll9sv5r) on "Oh dear." video.
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PART ONE OF TWO Poland’s genocide myth
There are three conundrum’s facing supporters of the genocide myth.
First, Raphael Lemkin’s definition of genocide is more applicable to the murder of Poland’s military elite in the Katyń Forest in 1940 and the ethnic cleansing of Poles from Galicia and Volhynia by Soviet forces in 1944-1946. Lemkin supported the use of the term genocide to describe Joseph Stalin’s Holodomor (forced famine) in Soviet Ukraine in 1943 which led to the deaths of 4-4.5 million Ukrainians.
Second, Polish historians have sought to find Ukrainian nationalist documents planning or calling for genocide against Poles in Volhynia, but they have failed. Indeed, there is no Polish equivalent of the two-volume, 1,400-page collection of 478 documents on Ukrainian-Polish relations edited by Viatrovych (volume 1 here; volume 2 here). Ukrainian historians believe the reason is because documents and archives would undercut Poland’s genocide myth. In other words, no known OUN (Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists) instructions exist that ordered UPA units to kill Poles in Volhynia.
Lemkin wrote that genocide requires a prior ideological propaganda campaign to mobilise people to commit the crime, as seen in Nazi Germany and Rwanda. In 1942-1943 there was no propaganda campaign by the OUN against the Polish population. Indeed, the opposite existed with OUN repeatedly seeking to negotiate alliances with the AK (Polish Home Army) but these efforts were being thwarted by the London-based Polish Government-in-Exile. Both Polish and Ukrainian partisan groups discussed the deportation of Ukrainian and Polish populations and those politically loyal and partisan groups affiliated to the pre-war National Democrats (Endecja) even laid out plans for deportations of Jews in the late 1930s and Ukrainians after World War II ended. The genocide myth is based on the exaggerated claim of a mass attack by UPA on July 11th and 12th, 1943 against 146 Polish settlements. Such a massive operation was impossible to undertake for the UPA units that existed at that time who did not yet dominate Volhynia because of a conflict with competing Taras Bulba-Borovets Ukrainian partisan units. Ukrainian historians do not deny that attacks and killings took place but limit these to an absolute maximum of 20-25 settlements.
Polish settlements were not defenceless, as the genocide myth claims. Polish settlements had self-defence units who had been given weapons by the Nazi’s and the AK and they were often bases for the AK and Soviet partisans. Historian Timothy Snyder has written that the majority of Soviet partisans in Volhynia were Poles (numbering between 5,000 and 7,000) and Jews (numbering between 1,000 and 1,500). Poles in Volhynia viewed the Soviets as potential allies against the Ukrainians and Polish self-defence units co-operated with Soviet partisans and the Nazis in attacks against the UPA. In Volhynia and Polissya there were 100 Polish self-defence bases.
A partisan in this conflict – similar to partisans and guerrillas in other wars – is a peasant who carries a weapon and the killing of a partisan could also therefore be described as that of a civilian (Polish Communists reported killing many more “UPA partisans” than existed in Zakerzone because they included murdered civilians). Indeed, Polish and Ukrainian civilians would often join partisan and Nazi (Ukrainian and Polish) police attacks on Ukrainian and Polish villages holding pitchforks and other agricultural implements with the hope of stealing goods from the civilians who had been killed.
Third, how many civilians need to die before a crime is classified as a “genocide”? The genocide claim is discredited by only applying it to killings of Poles and by manipulating dates to begin the Polish-Ukrainian war in 1943. Historians in Ukraine and the West (including Viatrovych who has become a bogeyman to Polish nationalists and yet whom few have read in Poland) do not deny that Ukrainian nationalists and communists killed Poles or even that more Poles died than Ukrainians. What they do dispute though, is the inflated numbers of Polish victims which through the tabloidisation of history now reaches into the hundreds of thousands. Ukrainian historians cite the Polish Institute of National Remembrance as having collected the names of 23,000-31,000 Polish casualties in Volhynia and Galicia.
Grzegorz Motyka (Od Rzezi Wołyńskiej do Akcji Wisła), one of Poland’s most well-known historians on the 1940s cites Władysław and Ewa Siemaszko estimate of 33,000 Polish deaths in Volhynia. Of these, 19, 000 names have been collected. Motyka expanded their estimate of 33,000 (without explaining how) to between 40,000-60,000 and reduced his earlier estimate of Ukrainian casualties to 1,000-2,000. Motyka’s estimates of Polish casualties in Volhynia are similar to those of Snyder (50, 000). Nevertheless, Motyka’s estimate of Ukrainian casualties in Volhynia is far lower than those estimated by Snyder (10,000-20,000) or other historians of Ukraine, such as Paul R. Magocsi (20,000), Myroslaw Shkandrij (15,000-20,000) and Serhii Plokhy (15,000-30,000). Widely different estimates of civilian casualties in the Polish-Ukrainian war in the 1940s can be found within Poland, between Polish and Western historians and especially between historians in Ukraine and Poland.
Historians of Ukraine and objective historians of Poland, such as Timothy Snyder, place the 1943 killings in Volhynia in historical context that began in 1938-1942 and ended in 1947. The number of victims was dependent upon whether Poles or Ukrainians dominated a region. Poles were in a minority in Volhynia and therefore at a disadvantage. In Kholm, Hrubeshiv, Brest, Polissya and Zakerzone (south eastern Poland) Ukrainians were at a disadvantage and suffered proportionately more. Galicia was more evenly balanced and both populations suffered in similar numbers. In Kholm and Hrubeshiv (where Polish forces began the first round of killings of Ukrainian civilians in 1941-1942) and Zakerzone, for example, upwards of 10,000 in the former and 4,000-5,000 Ukrainian civilians in the latter were killed by Polish forces. In regions where Ukrainians were in a minority, such as these, the UPA acted as their only protective force.
Although historians of Ukraine and Snyder present different numbers of Poles and Ukrainians who were killed, they roughly reach a similar conclusion that the overall proportion was two Polish to one Ukrainian killed. Ivan Patryliak, whose work on Ukrainian nationalist groups is regarded as the best in Ukraine, calculates that 39,000-40,000 Poles and 17,000-21,000 Ukrainians were killed.
FOR part 2 of 2 see under
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FOR PART TWO OF TWO LOOK HERE
Poland’s victimisation complex
There are five factors that underlay Poland’s victimisation complex. The first is an unwillingness to accept that Poland was an imperialist power and thereby to only view Poland as a victim of attacks by its neighbours or treachery by its citizens (as in the case of Ukrainians in 1939). Polish historiography does not see a country or people to its immediate east but “wild fields” empty of anything resembling a real nation where Poland, defending the edge of Europe, had a civilising mission. The second, as discussed earlier, is an unwillingness – unlike Ukrainian historians and some historians of Poland such as Snyder – to accept that the killings in Volhynia were not a one-off historical event. They were in fact a part of a bitter war that germinated in the late 1930s and ended in 1947 with Akcja Wisla.
The third is that extreme nationalists not only existed on the Ukrainian side. Polish and Russian nationalists have never viewed Ukrainians as a nation and in interwar Poland anti-Ukrainian policies (which included the burning of hundreds of Ukrainian Orthodox Churches in Kholm and Pidlachia in 1938) meant that few Ukrainians mourned the destruction of the Polish state in 1939. In that same year, Ukrainian nationalists fought against Hungary (and its Nazi and Polish allies) in Carpatho-Ukraine after the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia. In 1943-1944, Ukrainian and Polish nationalists believed the Nazi’s had lost the war and both wanted to take control of territory before the arrival of the Soviets. This was the logic of AK’s “Operation Tempest” throughout Poland. To Ukrainian nationalists, who always viewed the USSR (not Poles) as their main enemy, their memory of defeat in Lviv (Lwów) in 1918 was something they sought to prevent from happening a second time.
The fourth is the pervasive view that only the UPA were criminals while the AK were not. There is abundant archival evidence that the AK, Peasant Battalion and NSZ (National Armed Forces loyal to the Endecja) committed crimes against Ukrainians. Sometimes this was in alliance with Soviet partisans. In March 1944, AK and peasant battalion units participated in the murder of 1,500 Ukrainians in what became called the “Hrubeshiv Revolution”. Former Volhynian AK partisans demobilised by Soviet forces were re-employed in Polish communist and KBW (Internal Security Corps) units that committed numerous killings of Ukrainians in Zakerzone.
The fifth is the widespread myth that only Ukrainians collaborated with the Nazi’s. In fact, both Poles and Ukrainians served in the Nazi police and both these forces committed crimes. The Nazi’s arrested and murdered 80 per cent of OUN’s leaders in the second half of 1941. OUN and AK launched their anti-Nazi partisan struggles at the same time in early 1942. Ukrainian police defected from the Nazi’s in March 1943, nearly a year earlier than the Polish police. Therefore, Ukrainian and Polish police respectively joined the UPA and AK. In 1943-1944, Polish police and the Nazi’s killed numerous Ukrainian civilians in Volhynia. Polish police working for the Nazi’s and self-defence units armed by the Nazi’s contributed the largest number of volunteers to the AK’s largest unit, the 27th Wołyń Division.
Conclusions
Most countries in Europe have skeletons in their closets, especially connected to their imperialist pasts. Of the Axis powers, Germany alone has pursued a policy of rigorous de-Nazification while ignoring until recently its genocide of the Herero, Nama and San people in Namibia in 1904-1907. England celebrates Oliver Cromwell as the father of parliamentary government while Irish history views him as a butcher of Irish Catholics.
There is evidence that nationalism is becoming a part of the mainstream in Poland and Russia, which I argue is not the case in Ukraine – where civic patriotism is dominant. The genocide myth and Poland’s victimisation complex is a product of two factors. The first is the current rise in nationalism throughout Europe and the US. The second draws on historical writing and deep-seated stereotypes and chauvinistic attitudes towards Ukrainians that existed in interwar and communist Poland. These were hidden from view in the 1980s and 1990s when the Jerzy Giedroyc, editor of Kultura journal and the architect of the policy of mutual forgiveness influenced the Solidarity generation and dominated Polish attitudes towards Ukrainians.
A victimisation complex and search for enemies will remain in place as long as nationalism is part of the country’s mainstream. Unfortunately, this will distract from Poland’s strategic objectives of thwarting Russian aggression and supporting Ukraine’s integration into Europe.
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IF POLISH LIKE TO ERECT MONUMENTS TO Władysław Raczkiewicz and the former Armia Krajowa unit, commanded Józef Biss that are both guilty of genocide and crimes against humanity then why cant Ukraine erect monumnets to Bandera ??? Bandera was no more a terrorist than Władysław Raczkiewicz or former Armia Krajowa unit, commanded Józef Biss was and his Polish army was when they was killing civilian ethnic Ukrainians and civilian ethnic jewish Ukrainians in Ukrainians lands back in the day...
Ukraine needs to take steps to recognize Pawłokoma massacre as a genocide !!!!!
Why is Poland not apologizing for the Genocide and forced deportations of Ukrainians done by Władysław Raczkiewicz and the former Armia Krajowa unit, commanded Józef Biss ..??
The Pawłokoma massacre is one of the better-known examples of Ukrainian civilians murdered by different Polish groups in February–April 1945. Similar massacres followed in other nearby villages, including Łubna, Małkowice Piskorowice ... On 2–3 March 1945, Ukrainians inhabitants of Pawłokoma were murdered, by a former Armia Krajowa unit, commanded by Józef Biss "Wacław" aided by Polish self-defense groups from nearby villages. The victims were held in a local church, interrogated and tortured and executed. among victims was small children (as young as 10 years old) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paw%C5%82okoma_massacre
Bandera has personally done nothing wrong to Polish people Volhynia Bandera was in fact a P.O.W. from 1941 -1944 the Polish massacre in Volhynia was in 1943 so get over it, and start accusing those how infact did this evil and stop blaming the innocent that had nothing to do with it....
I am not saying that Ukriane must not feel shame for Volhynia massacre as some ethnic Ukrainians tok part that is for sure BUT WHAT I AM SAYING IS that Bandera had nothing to do with it personly …
Also i am saying that.. The Polish Army is as guilty of Genocide done to Ukrainians at Pawłokoma know as the massacre of Pawłokoma..AND POLAND ALSO must feel shame and stop throwing stones in glass houses it comes across as hypocritical
Another thing is.... Why don’t the Polish apologize for genocide done by Poland to Ukrainians and apologize for this evil if you are saying the truth must out then YES let's get the truth out, BUT let's get ALL OF THE TRUTH OUT !!!
When it comes to self criticism or admittance of guilt to national faults within Polish society to outsiders it simply just doesn't exist, the polish nation has a history of turning away from and disregarding any facts that they find unappealing and critical of Poland ...
Polish Army is guilty of Genocide done to Ukrainians at Pawłokoma know as the massacre of Pawłokoma..
On 2–3 March 1945, approximately 366 Ukrainians of Pawłokoma were murdered, by a former Armia Krajowa unit, commanded by Józef Biss "Wacław" aided by Polish self-defense groups from nearby villages.
And it is OK for Poland to call this scum Józef Biss hero of Poland ....why is it not OK for Ukraine to call Bandera a hero of Ukraine ???
Bandera never had anything to do with any genocide like the Polish hero Józef Biss !!!
Józef Biss Armia Krajowa unit, held their victims in a local church, interrogated some were tortured and then taken to a local cemetery where they were executed. Only some small children below 10 years old survived every one else killed by the heros Polish nationalist like you !!!
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And her is another Genocide done by Poland to Ukrainians
The operation was carried out by Operational Group Vistula consisting of about 20,000 personnel commanded by General Stefan Mossor. This personnel included soldiers of the Polish People's Army and the Internal Security Corps, as well as functionaries of the police Milicja Obywatelska and the Security Service Urząd Bezpieczeństwa. The operation commenced at 4 a.m., April 28, 1947. The expellees comprised about 140,000 to 150,000 Ukrainians and Lemkos still remaining after the 1944-1946 forcible repatriation of Ukrainians from Poland to the Soviet Union (Ukrainian SSR and Siberia)
The ukrainians was forced by gunpoint and were transported in crowded boxcars for deportations they was told ..
The truth was something far worse than deportation train it was a torture train !!
The let mothers starved themselves to death in order to feed their children. The days, nights, weeks, months were filled with the agonizing cries of hungry children and babies, the moans of the sick and dying, and the sobs of the family members who lost them.
To make things even worse, dead bodies stayed in the closed boxcar until the next stop--which could be as long as a week. During the stop, the people would scurry to look for anything that might be edible or a drop of water.
Some Ukrainians tried to escape but were usually captured, beaten, or shot. In the end, a journey that might normally take four to five hours took up to three months. with extreme torture Imagine you are a child or a mother and three months locked up with all that slowly dyeing for the amusement of the Polish evil psychopathic murderers..
I think a shoot in the head is better don’t you !!!
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LETS LOOK AT SOME HISTORY WHY THE VOLHYNIA MASSACRE HAPPENED IN THE FIRST PALCE !
In the part of Western Volhynia, which today lies within the Volhynia, Rivne region and the north of the Ternopol regions of Ukraine, came under Polish rule after 150 years as part of the Russian Empire. It had no Catholics, either Greek or Roman. In 1939, after 20 years under Polish rule, Poles made up approximately 16% of the population. Part of them were settlers from the central districts of Poland, who had received large plots of land, to the dissatisfaction of the poor Ukrainian majority.
In late 20 and 30s Ukrainian organizations in Poland were disturbed by a wave of anti-Ukrainian actions that did erupted ..
Polonization was the acquisition or imposition of elements of Polish culture, in particular the Polish language, as experienced in some historic periods by the non-Polish populations of territories controlled or substantially under the influence of Poland The Polish authorities renamed the eastern part of Austrian Galicia "Eastern Little Poland" and created administrative units (Palatinates) designed to include as many non-Ukrainians as possible.
In 1924 the Polish government under Władysław Grabski excluded the Ukrainian language from use in government institutions. It also avoided the official use of the word "Ukrainian", replacing it with the historical name "Ruthenian
The land reform designed in 1924 to favor the Poles in mostly Ukrainian populated Volhynia, the agricultural territory where the land question was especially was taken over by the Polish state from even the Orthodox Volhynian population who tended to be much less radical than the Greek Catholic Galicians. The fact they was part of the Ukrainian populated was grounds for the Polish state to take the land..
The Polish government in exile, gave orders to the Armija Krajowa (AK), which operated in German occupiedwestern Ukraine, to constantly demonstrate their presence: to oppose the right of Ukrainians to build their ownindependent nation, to destroy any independent Ukrainian military formations in the region, and if necessary todestroy any peaceful Ukrainian villages, bases of support for the UPA. The victims of these barbarous attacks in1943-1944 became thousands of defenseless Ukrainian men, women and children.In 1944, Polish peasant battalions distinguished themselves as being extremely barbaric against Ukrainians inZakerzon. They conducted ethnic cleansing operations, by completely destroying and burning entire Ukrainian-villages, together with their inhabitants.In 1945, at the Potsdam conference of the Allied heads of state, Stalin traded Ukrainian ethnic lands in Zakerzonto Poland in exchange for its open port on the Baltic Sea (now Kalingrad). As a result, Poland had completefreedom to do as it wished with Ukrainians in Kholmschyna and Nadsyannya. Poland viewed these Ukrainians as potential rebels, and their crowning action was Operation “Wisla” in 1947, when over 150,000 Ukrainians wereforcibly removed from their villages by the Polish Army as ethnic cleansing continued
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Som republicans claim that the United States cannot foot the bill of a long, drawn-out war in Ukraine, a faction of Republican lawmakers is threatening to shut down the US government if further Ukraine funding is included in a continuing resolution.
But this approach does not take into consideration the benefits to US strategic interests and the American economy. A large portion of the money if not nearly all of it is “designated for Ukraine” is being reinvested in American companies and other military industrial complex , bolstering the defense industry and sustaining American manufacturing jobs for American workers; in over 35 different states in the country all those states badly need those investments and jobs for their citizens.
Despite claims to the contrary, the United States is not sending bags of unaccounted-for cash to Ukraine. Most US contributions go to military aid, including weapons and equipment made by American defense contractors who employ communities across the country. When the United States spends money to purchase military equipment as part of an international aid package, the materiel may go overseas, but the money and jobs stay in America.
Similarly, appropriations for the US Foreign Military Financing program provide incentives for NATO allies and partners to secure US-made capabilities. This translates to more business for US companies and sustained employment for rural communities in which they operate.
For instance, Lockheed Martin, maker of the HIMARS—which has been central to Ukraine’s counteroffensive—plans to increase its Camden, Arkansas facility’s workforce by 20%, and recently announced increased profit projections through the end of the year. Similarly, General Dynamics has committed to building new production facilities in Mesquite, Texas, bringing money and jobs to the region. Change like this takes place only when the Pentagon sends strong and stable market signals to the defense industry, giving it the confidence to expand and hire.
In short, the numbers suggest that continued support for Ukraine is a win-win for Ukrainians and the American people. The United States can continue to defend stability and democratic governance across the globe, while at the same time boosting American industrial output and advancing US economic interests.
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AND WAHT ABOUT ....POLISH ARMY KILLING Ukrainian and polish Jews know as the Pinsk genocide it was the mass execution of Jewish residents of Pinsk on April 5, 1919 by the Polish Army.
The event occurred during the opening stages of the Polish-Soviet War, after the Polish Army had captured Pinsk
The Jews who were executed had been arrested whilst engaged in an illegal gathering presumably of a Bolshevik cell.
The Polish officer-in-charge ordered the summary execution of the meeting participants without trial in fear of a trap, and based on the information about the gathering's purpose that was founded on hearsay. The officer's decision was defended by high-ranking Polish military officers
The Polish Group Commander General Antoni Listowski claimed that the gathering was a Bolshevik meeting and that the Jewish population attacked the Polish troops. The overall tension of the military campaign was brought up as a justification for the crime.
The Polish military refused to give investigators access to documents, and the officers and soldiers were never punished. Major Łuczyński was not charged for any wrongdoing and was eventually transferred and promoted reaching the rank of colonel (1919) and general (1924) in the Polish army.
The events were criticized in the Sejm (Polish parliament), but representatives of the Polish army denied any wrongdoing
More than 9,500 Polish staff / civilian workers employed by the Germans to work for the-Nazi-German-death camp Auschwitz-Birkenau in the service of the-Nazis-But the Polish and Russians today like to point at Bandera as a collaborator when he was in-fact NOT he was in Sachsenhausen concentration camp from 1941 -1945 as a POW a prisoner of war in other words not collaborator but an enemy of Hitler and-the-nazis-not that that FACT will stop the Polish and Russians to give out disinformation about the man..
Jan Grabowski's book paints a damning portrait of Polish citizens who betrayed and murdered their Jewish neighbors without German orders.
Ukraine was the only country that fought a 3-front war during WW II: against Poland, against Germany and against Russia. Hitler retaliated by killing 20 (later boosted up to 100) innocent Ukrainian citizens for every soldier he lost and then he ordered them to be strung up from balconies to rot, a reminder to those who would want to help the partisans.
The Polish historian Piotr Setkiewicz describes the Gestapo’s inspection regulations as follows: “A Polish worker employed at Buna who wanted to travel home from Monowitz had to get permission from both his boss... He could not buy a ticket on his own, but had to use a worker designated by the plant to do so. At the train station in Auschwitz, moreover, he was obligated to show the requisite documents during an inspection conducted by policemen, guards even if he was working for the Germans at the time..
By the way Bandera and OUN was no more Germannazis supporter than Finland was or even Poland Bandera was fighting soviet union when they invaded Ukrainian territory and city's like Lviv (then part of Poland ) and the Hitler when he invaded Ukrainian territory... and before ww2 UPA was fighting Polish occupation of west Ukraine aka Galizia
What Russian and Polish propaganda ALSO convivially overlooks is that Bandera was in a German KZ camp Sachsenhausen concentration camp from 1941 until 1944 as a prisoner and so was all of UPA /OUN and that Stalin was the one that helped Hitler round up the Polish jews when he invaded Poland together with his good buddy Hilter in 1939
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In the part of Western Volhynia, which today lies within the Volhynia, Rivne region and the north of the Ternopol regions of Ukraine, came under Polish rule after 150 years as part of the Russian Empire. It had no Catholics, either Greek or Roman.
In 1939, after 20 years under Polish rule, Poles made up approximately 16% of the population. Part of them were settlers from the central districts of Poland, who had received large plots of land, to the dissatisfaction of the poor Ukrainian majority.
In late 20 and 30s Ukrainian organizations in Poland were disturbed by a wave of anti-Ukrainian actions that did erupted ..
Polonization was the acquisition or imposition of elements of Polish culture, in particular the Polish language, as experienced in some historic periods by the non-Polish populations of territories controlled or substantially under the influence of Poland The Polish authorities renamed the eastern part of Austrian Galicia "Eastern Little Poland" and created administrative units (Palatinates) designed to include as many non-Ukrainians as possible.
In 1924 the Polish government under Władysław Grabski excluded the Ukrainian language from use in government institutions. It also avoided the official use of the word "Ukrainian", replacing it with the historical name "Ruthenian
The land reform designed in 1924 to favour the Poles in mostly Ukrainian populated Volhynia, the agricultural territory where the land question was especially was taken over by the Polish state from even the Orthodox Volhynian population who tended to be much less radical than the Greek Catholic Galicians. The fact they was part of the Ukrainian populated was grounds for the Polish state to take the land..
The Polish government in exile, gave orders to the Armija Krajowa (AK), which operated in German occupiedwestern Ukraine, to constantly demonstrate their presence: to oppose the right of Ukrainians to build their ownindependent nation, to destroy any independent Ukrainian military formations in the region, and if necessary todestroy any peaceful Ukrainian villages, bases of support for the UPA.
The victims of these barbarous attacks in1943-1944 became thousands of defenseless Ukrainian men, women and children.In 1944, Polish peasant battalions distinguished themselves as being extremely barbaric against Ukrainians inZakerzon.
They conducted ethnic cleansing operations, by completely destroying and burning entire Ukrainianvillages, together with their inhabitants.In 1945, at the Potsdam conference of the Allied heads of state, Stalin traded Ukrainian ethnic lands in Zakerzonto Poland in exchange for its open port on the Baltic Sea (now Kalingrad).
As a result, Poland had completefreedom to do as it wished with Ukrainians in Kholmschyna and Nadsyannya. Poland viewed these Ukrainians as potential rebels, and their crowning action was Operation “Wisla” in 1947, when over 150,000 Ukrainians wereforcibly removed from their villages by the Polish Army as ethnic cleansing continued
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So based on this fact Bandera had nothing to do with the massacre in Volhynia, the notorious 1943-44 massacre during the time of conflict.
On 15 September 1941 Bandera and leading OUN members were arrested by the Gestapo and was sent to German KZ camp Sachsenhausen concentration camp from 1941 until 1944 as a prisoner and so was all of UPA /OUN until the end of 1944.
The massacre in Volhynia was in 1943..
In fact new evidence has come to light saying that it was NKVD dressed up as UPA /OUN that did the massacre in Volhynia was in 1943.. But this is still not 100% proven yet,,,,
But it will not surprise me at all as that was typical for the time the NKVD did blame the germans for the genocide of polish in Katyn forest genocide, so doing a genocide and then bleaming it on someone else is somtihng the NKVD did a lot back then...
http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/83517526/katyn-forest-massacre-genocide-state-lies-secrecy
The Soviet secret police murdered thousands of Poles near the Katyn Forest, just outside the Russian city of Smolensk, in the early spring of 1940. The Soviets targeted members of the Polish intelligentsia--military officers, doctors, engineers, police officers, and teachers--which Stalin, the Soviet leader, sought to eradicate preventively. At the start of World War II, the Soviet Union viewed Poland as attractive territory, to be conquered and potentially annexed after the war. The Katyn massacre was not discovered until 1943, by the Germans, who instantly blamed the Soviets. The latter, however, blamed the Germans, and the Western Allies begrudgingly accepted this untruthful claim.
The Katyn Forest Massacre remained taboo for many years, and it has only attracted significant scholarly, historical and political interest in the last two decades, following the fall of the Iron Curtain. This Article seeks to decipher the Katyn myth, by describing in Part II, the events which led to the Katyn Forest Massacre, as well as the killings themselves. In Part III, this Article focuses on subsequent investigations into Katyn, including the U.S. congressional inquiry in 1952, as well as post-Cold War revelations about Katyn, permitting to officially inflict responsibility on the Soviet Union.
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putin shills like PJW are saying why does Ukraine not just let Russia have the areas /land it’s just a small part of Ukraine anyway.....
A small part of Ukraine ...WE ARE taking about a land mass is almost 200,000 sq km
In EU terms thats the size of Belgium, Holland, luxembourg and Greece all put together..
In UK terms that the size of all of Scotland , Wales and 80% of England all put together !!
In US terms is the size of South Carolina, West Virginia and New Jersey all put together !!
Why the f. should Ukraine give Russia all that land for what? TO ONLY be invaded some years later when Russia as had a brake and regrouped ,rebuilt its army and fortified positions !!
I SAY RUSSIA GETS TO TAKE LAND AND DEMAND UKRAINE CAN NOT JOIN NATO IS NOT ACCEPTABLE AT ALL !! Nobody wants to be a "buffer country". NO nation wants to have a little bit of freedom !!!! ; The whole concept is demeaning to an independent nation. NO nation wants to have a little bit of freedom and self-determination, like some sort of 2nd class country; That is not right, and Russia has no right to demand or bully Ukrainians or Ukraine to accept that Ukraine and its ppl. should become some sort of lap dog on a leash 2nd class country to serve kremlins geopolitical agenda; so Kremlin, Putin and RuZZans can feel better about themselves ...
---------It is embarrassing that the US and Europe do not support Ukraine more than they do , the US. were in Afghanistan for 20 years and achieved less than Ukraine in 2 years, and Ukraine is also a much stronger opponent with many more resources !! As a Norwegian I am ashamed of our policies in the west , the western nations governments use every opportunity to go on national TV and tell how much they support, but the truth is that we have only provided 94 Euros per inhabitant, it is ridiculous when we look at the size of Ukraine, the opponent and the way Russia has bombed cities in Ukraine back to the Stone Age, and that we (western nations ) have not lost a single person in the war , we are talking about Europe, democracy and freedom that Ukraine is defending , one can only be ashamed
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Republican lawmakers is threatening to shut down the US government if further Ukraine funding is included in a continuing resolution.
But this approach does not take into consideration the benefits to US strategic interests and the American economy. A large portion of the money if not nearly all of it is “designated for Ukraine” is being reinvested in American companies and other military industrial complex , bolstering the defense industry and sustaining American manufacturing jobs for American workers; in over 35 different states in the country all those states badly need those investments and jobs for their citizens.
Despite claims to the contrary !!!! The United States is NOT sending bags of unaccounted-for cash to Ukraine. Most US contributions go to military aid, including weapons and equipment made by American defense contractors who employ communities across the country. When the United States spends money to purchase military equipment as part of an international aid package, the materiel may go overseas, but the money and jobs stay in America.
Similarly, appropriations for the US Foreign Military Financing program provide incentives for NATO allies and partners to secure US-made capabilities. This translates to more business for US companies and sustained employment for rural communities in which they operate.
For instance, Lockheed Martin, maker of the HIMARS—which has been central to Ukraine’s counteroffensive—plans to increase its Camden, Arkansas facility’s workforce by 20%, and recently announced increased profit projections through the end of the year. Similarly, General Dynamics has committed to building new production facilities in Mesquite, Texas, bringing money and jobs to the region. Change like this takes place only when the Pentagon sends strong and stable market signals to the defense industry, giving it the confidence to expand and hire.
In short, the numbers suggest that continued support for Ukraine is a win-win for Ukrainians and the American people. The United States can continue to defend stability and democratic governance across the globe, while at the same time boosting American industrial output and advancing US economic interests.
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